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1.1 pH Adjustment / Acid/Base Chemicals Used to adjust feed water pH to reduce scaling potential. Sulfuric Acid (HSO„) “ industrial grade 20 % to 93 % for lowering pH and reducing calcium carbonate scaling. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) “ commonly 30“37 % for pH reduction where sulfate scaling might be less of a concern. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) “ liquid/flake form for increasing pH when required.

🪠1. Chemical Identification Chemical Name: Sodium Hypochlorite Solution Formula: NaOCl (aqueous) CAS No.: 7681-52-9 HS Code: 2828 (Inorganic Chlorides)

Parameter Typical Range / Value Test Method / Standard Raw Material Base 100% Coconut shell ” Activation Method Steam activated ” Appearance Black granular or powdered carbon ” Iodine Number 850 “ 1,400 mg/g (often ‰ 900“1,200 mg/g) ASTM D4607 / D3467 CTC (Caramel Decolorization Value) 45 “ 80% (can vary up to 90%) ASTM D3467 Surface Area (BET) 800 “ 1,350 m²/g (varies by grade) ASTM D6556 Apparent / Bulk Density 0.40 “ 0.55 g/cm³ (400 “ 550 kg/m³) ASTM D2854 Moisture Content ‰ 2 “ 7% (typically ‰ 5%) ASTM D2867 Ash Content ‰ 2 “ 5% (lower ash grades available) ASTM D2866 Hardness / Abrasion Resistance ‰ 95 “ 99% (ball-pan hardness) ASTM D3802 pH (10% aqueous) 6.5 “ 11 (depends on washing/grade) ASTM D6851 Particle Size / Mesh 4—8, 6—12, 8—16, 8—30, 12—40, 20—50 mesh, etc. ” 📌 Key Performance Indicators … Iodine Number Indicates micropore content and adsorption capacity for small molecules. Higher values (e.g., ‰ 1,000 mg/g) generally mean better adsorption performance. … CTC Value Measures activity for adsorption in liquid phase applications (e.g., water treatment). Typical industrial values range from 45 % to 80 %. … Surface Area High BET surface area (800 “ 1,350 m²/g) correlates with high adsorption potential. … Hardness / Abrasion A high hardness (>95 %) ensures mechanical durability under flow and handling ” critical for industrial fixed bed filters. … Low Ash & Moisture Low ash content reduces inorganic contaminants and increases effective carbon content. Controlled moisture ensures better effective adsorption capacity. 📠Common Forms & Sizes Activated carbon can be supplied in various forms and sizes depending on the application: Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): for flowing liquid filtration and gas phase treatment. Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC): for batch treatment (e.g., water treatment plants). Pellet / Extruded / Spherical Grades: for specific industrial uses (e.g., VOC adsorption). Typical mesh sizes: 4—8, 6—12, 8—16, 8—30, 12—40, 20—50 etc., tailored to flow & contact time requirements. ðŸ Typical Applications Coconut shell based activated carbon is used in: Drinking water purification and dechlorination Wastewater treatment and organics removal Air & gas purification (VOC control) Food & beverage decolourisation Gold recovery & precious metal adsorption Odour control systems Pharmaceutical & chemical purification processes 📌 Notes & Selection Tips ” Choose grade based on application: High iodine number and surface area are best for water and VOC removal. Lower ash and higher hardness are critical for sensitive systems (e.g., potable water). ” Particle size selection: Larger mesh (e.g., 4—8) for higher flow and lower pressure drop. Finer mesh (e.g., 20—50) for higher adsorption but slower flow. ” Washing treatment: Water-washed carbons usually have lower ash and milder pH compared with unwashed. 🛍ï Example Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Products Coconut Shell Activated Carbon 1100 IV (25Kg) Virgin Grade 9,600 ROeStore Granular Activated Carbon Charcoal Coconut Shell 265 amazon.in Coconut Shell Premium Activated Carbon Granules 329 amazon.in newBasics Activated Carbon Granular Coconut Shell 399 amazon.in Highlights Coconut Shell Activated Carbon 1100 IV (25Kg) Virgin Grade9,600 · ROeStore · Industrial GAC with high iodine value (1100). Granular Activated Carbon Charcoal Coconut Shell265 · amazon.in · General purpose water/air filtration grade. Coconut Shell Premium Activated Carbon Granules329 · amazon.in · Pre/post carbon filter granules (8—30 mesh). newBasics Activated Carbon Granular Coconut Shell399 · amazon.in · Multi-purpose granular carbon for purification. If you want, I can provide a standard compliance checklist (e.g., ASTM, ISO, NSF/BIS standards) tailored for drinking water or industrial effluent applications using coconut shell activated carbon.

1. Chemical Identification Chemical Name: Ferric Ammonium Alum Other Names: Ammonium Ferric Sulfate, Ferric Ammonium Sulphate Chemical Formula: Dodecahydrate: NH„Fe(SO„)·12HO (most common form) Molecular Weight: 482 g/mol (dodecahydrate) CAS No.: 7783-83-7 HS Code: 2833